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Why the Highest Bridge on Earth Is in China's Guizhou Province, Source & Pace (The WEDGE Method LLC).
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- Sentinel-2, 28 Nov 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2C_48RWP_20251128_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2025-11-28.jpg)
- Imagery: Sentinel-2, Sep-Oct 2021 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2021 · Terrain: Copernicus DEM GLO-30: author Source & Pace render (Blender) of open data; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20210930_0_L2A ; https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/ (terrain/hj_overview.mp4)
- Sentinel-2, 28 Nov 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2C_48RWP_20251128_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_canyon_14km_2025-11-28.jpg)
- Duge (Beipanjiang First) Bridge, 1 May 2025 · HighestBridges · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author HighestBridges; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DugeOverlookView.jpg (photos/duge_bridge_overlook_side_view_2025.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 26 Mar 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2C_48RVQ_20250326_0_L2A (satellite/s2_duge_canyon_12km_2025-03-26.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 13 Jan 2023 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2023: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20230113_0_L2A (satellite/s2_beipan_karst_44km_2023-01-13.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 26 Nov 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2B_48RVQ_20251126_0_L2A (satellite/s2_duge_beipanjiang_site_2025-11-26.jpg)
- Imagery: Sentinel-2, Sep-Oct 2021 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2021 · Terrain: Copernicus DEM GLO-30: author Source & Pace render (Blender) of open data; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20210930_0_L2A ; https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/ (terrain/hj_descent.mp4)
- Sentinel-2, 30 Sep 2021 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2021: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20210930_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2021-09-30.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 29 Oct 2024 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2024: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2B_48RWP_20241029_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2024-10-29.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 12 May 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2C_48RWP_20250512_1_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2025-05-12.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 8 Apr 2022 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2022: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20220408_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2022-04-08.jpg)
- Karst gorge, Zhenyuan County, Guizhou, 1 Apr 2020 · Huangdan2060 · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Huangdan2060; licence CC-BY-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountains_in_Zhenyuan_County,_1_April_2020C.jpg (photos/zhenyuan_karst_gorge_2020_c.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 12 Jan 2025 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20250112_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2025-01-12.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 23 Mar 2024 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2024: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2B_48RWP_20240323_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2024-03-23.jpg)
- 1915 Çanakkale Bridge deck erection, Turkey, Oct 2021 · Video frame: Odo Puiu Events (YouTube), CC BY 3.0: author Odo Puiu Events YouTube Channel; licence CC-BY-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge,_October_2021.png (photos/generic_deck_segments_lifting_canakkale_2021.jpg)
- Sentinel-2, 19 Nov 2023 · Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2023: author Copernicus Sentinel-2 (ESA / European Union); crop and levels by Source & Pace; licence Copernicus-Sentinel (https://sentinels.copernicus.eu/documents/247904/690755/Sentinel_Data_Legal_Notice); source https://earth-search.aws.element84.com/v1/collections/sentinel-2-l2a/items/S2A_48RWP_20231119_0_L2A (satellite/s2_huajiang_site_2023-11-19.jpg)
- Tongzihe Jinrentong Bridge, Guizhou, Aug 2023 · HighestBridges · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author HighestBridges; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TongziheJinrentongDeck.jpg (photos/tongzihe_suspension_bridge_guizhou_2023.jpg)
- Pingtang Bridge, radar satellite image, 21 Feb 2023 · Umbra Lab, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Umbra Lab, Inc.; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pingtang_Bridge,_Guizhou,_China_(aa3aa979-a82b-4c12-abd7-7d340b689db7).tiff (photos/pingtang_bridge_umbra_sar_2023.jpg)
- Karst landscape, Tianxingqiao, Anshun, Guizhou, 22 Oct 2020 · Huangdan2060 · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Huangdan2060; licence CC-BY-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tianxingqiao_Scenic_Spot,_Guizhou,_China,_22_October_2020.jpg (photos/tianxingqiao_karst_pillar_2020.jpg)
- Karst hills, Zhenyuan County, Guizhou, 1 Apr 2020 · Huangdan2060 · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Huangdan2060; licence CC-BY-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mountains_in_Zhenyuan_County,_1_April_2020D.jpg (photos/zhenyuan_karst_gorge_2020_d.jpg)
- Dafaqu Bridge, Guizhou, 25 Apr 2026 · HighestBridges · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author HighestBridges; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DafaquByHighestBridges.jpg (photos/dafaqu_arch_bridge_guizhou_2026.jpg)
- Yachi Bridge, radar satellite image, 21 Feb 2023 · Umbra Lab, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Umbra Lab, Inc.; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Yachi_Bridge,_Guizhou,_China_(3ba55aa3-0fc7-4c1b-819c-8f62d0cd8beb).tiff (photos/yachi_bridge_umbra_sar_2023.jpg)
- Chajiaotan Bridge, radar satellite image, 22 Feb 2023 · Umbra Lab, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Umbra Lab, Inc.; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chajiaotan_Bridge,_Guizhou,_China_(f7cb6e45-f1be-4c15-9089-c9bd0fc124c5).tiff (photos/chajiaotan_bridge_umbra_sar_2023.jpg)
- Royal Gorge Bridge and the Arkansas River, Colorado, 7 Mar 2009 · Photo: SidewaysSarah (Flickr), CC BY 2.0: author SidewaysSarah; licence CC-BY-2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mind_the_Gap,_Royal_Gorge_Bridge.jpg (photos/royal_gorge_bridge_gorge_2009.jpg)
- Royal Gorge Bridge above the Arkansas River, Colorado, 30 May 2008 · Photo: John Lloyd (Flickr), CC BY 2.0: author JOHN LLOYD from Concrete, Washington, United States; licence CC-BY-2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Gorge,_Colorado_(2540254659).jpg (photos/royal_gorge_bridge_from_river_2008.jpg)
- Royal Gorge Bridge from the canyon floor, Colorado, 23 Jul 2006 · Photo: Kari Sullivan (Flickr), CC BY 2.0: author Kari Sullivan; licence CC-BY-2.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Royal_Gorge_Bridge.jpg (photos/royal_gorge_bridge_from_below_2006.jpg)
- Bridge piers under construction, Zhijin County, Guizhou, Nov 2013 · guan · CC BY 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author guan; licence CC-BY-3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zhijin,_Bijie,_Guizhou,_China.jpg (photos/zhijin_bridge_piers_construction_2013.jpg)
- Duge Bridge, radar satellite image, 22 Feb 2023 · Umbra Lab, Inc. · CC BY 4.0 · Wikimedia Commons: author Umbra Lab, Inc.; licence CC-BY-4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Duge_Bridge,_Guizhou,_China_(50fcd418-6d8e-47b4-9ad3-0442d13993c7).tiff (photos/duge_bridge_umbra_sar_2023.jpg)
Other images, footage and documents:
- Map: Source & Pace · Relief: Copernicus DEM GLO-90 · Boundaries: Natural Earth · River: © OpenStreetMap contributors: author Source & Pace (own map over open data); licence own-work; source https://github.com/nvkelso/natural-earth-vector/tree/v5.1.2 ; https://registry.opendata.aws/copernicus-dem/ ; https://www.openstreetmap.org/copyright (map/ep6_guizhou_locator_4k.png)
- Main cable and tower, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950), 1993 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet, creator; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VIEW_LOOKING_EAST_TOWARD_EASTERN_TOWER_OF_CABLE_HALFWAY_UP_-_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Spanning_Narrows_at_State_Route_16,_Tacoma,_Pierce_County,_WA_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-17.tif (photos/generic_main_cable_tower_tacoma_haer.jpg)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Suspension Bridge Basics" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/suspension-bridges.htm (docs/wsdot_deck_cables.png)
- Cable saddles at a tower top, George Washington Bridge · HAER / Library of Congress: author Related names: Hawley, Monica E, transmitter Boucher, Jack, photographer Lowe, Jet, photographer Jandoli, Liz, transmitter; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DETAIL_OF_SADDLE_AT_TOP_OF_NEW_JERSEY_TOWER_SHOWING_CABLES_%27A%27_AND_%27B%27_-_George_Washington_Bridge,_Spanning_Hudson_River_between_Manhattan_and_Fort_Lee,_NJ,_New_York,_New_York_HAER_NY,31-NEYO,161-36.tif (photos/generic_tower_saddle_gw_bridge_haer.jpg)
- Cable strands splaying in an anchorage, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950), 1993 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet, creator; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VIEW_OF_CABLE_SPLAYING_WHERE_CABLE_COMES_INTO_ANCHORAGE,_SE_ANCHORAGE_-_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Spanning_Narrows_at_State_Route_16,_Tacoma,_Pierce_County,_WA_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-28.tif (photos/generic_cable_splay_anchorage_tacoma_haer.jpg)
- Suspenders meeting the deck, Golden Gate Bridge, 1984 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet Related names: Strauss, Joseph B Pacific Bridge Company John Roebling's Sons Company Bethlehem Steel Company Incorporated Jackson, Donald C, transmitt; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DETAIL_VIEW_SHOWING_CONNECTION_OF_SUSPENDER_TO_FLOORBEAM_-_Golden_Gate_Bridge,_Spanning_mouth_of_San_Francisco_Bay,_San_Francisco,_San_Francisco_County,_CA_HAER_CAL,38-SANFRA,140-34.tif (photos/generic_suspender_floorbeam_golden_gate_haer.jpg)
- Cable anchorage, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950), 1993 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet, creator; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SOUTHEAST_CABLE_ANCHORAGE_WITHOUT_MEASURING_STICK_-_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Spanning_Narrows_at_State_Route_16,_Tacoma,_Pierce_County,_WA_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-26.tif (photos/generic_cable_anchorage_tacoma_1950_haer.jpg)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Suspension Bridge Basics" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/suspension-bridges.htm (docs/wsdot_anchorages.png)
- Steel roadway truss, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950), 1993 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet, creator; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OVERALL_VIEW_OF_THE_ROADWAY_TRUSS_LOOKING_EAST_-_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Spanning_Narrows_at_State_Route_16,_Tacoma,_Pierce_County,_WA_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-11.tif (photos/generic_stiffening_truss_tacoma_haer.jpg)
- 1915 Çanakkale Bridge catwalks, Turkey, 26 Jun 2021 · U.S. Navy photo by MC2 Claire DuBois (DVIDS), public domain: author Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Claire DuBois; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1915_%C3%87anakkale_Bridge_under_construction_in_2021.jpg (photos/generic_catwalk_cables_canakkale_2021.jpg)
- Cable band and suspenders, Golden Gate Bridge, 1984 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet Related names: Strauss, Joseph B Pacific Bridge Company John Roebling's Sons Company Bethlehem Steel Company Incorporated Jackson, Donald C, transmitt; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DETAIL_VIEW_OF_SUSPENDER_CONNECTION_TO_CABLE_-_Golden_Gate_Bridge,_Spanning_mouth_of_San_Francisco_Bay,_San_Francisco,_San_Francisco_County,_CA_HAER_CAL,38-SANFRA,140-15.tif (photos/generic_cable_band_suspender_golden_gate_haer.jpg)
- Cable saddle on a tower, Tacoma Narrows Bridge (1950), 1993 · Photo: Jet Lowe, HAER / Library of Congress: author Lowe, Jet; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CABLE_SADDLE,_EAST_TOWER_LOOKING_NORTH_-_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Spanning_Narrows_at_State_Route_16,_Tacoma,_Pierce_County,_WA_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-10.tif (photos/generic_cable_saddle_tacoma_1950_haer.jpg)
- Video by X Evan on Pexels (uploaded 2026-07-11): author X Evan; licence Pexels-License (https://www.pexels.com/license/); source https://www.pexels.com/video/scenic-aerial-view-of-majestic-karst-mountains-38517103/ (clips/pexels_38517103_karst_river_valley_aerial.mp4)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Suspension Bridge Basics" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/suspension-bridges.htm (docs/wsdot_wind_susceptible.png)
- Tacoma Narrows Bridge opening day, 1 Jul 1940 · University of Washington Libraries: author University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Opening_day_of_the_Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge,_Tacoma,_Washington.jpg (photos/tacoma_narrows_1940_opening_day.jpg)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Suspension Bridge Basics" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/suspension-bridges.htm (docs/wsdot_120mph_42mph.png)
- Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse, 7 Nov 1940 · Film: Barney Elliott (Stillman Fires Collection / Internet Archive), public domain: author Barney Elliot; licence PD-mark (https://web.archive.org/web/20230926203737/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/publicdomain/); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_destruction.ogv (clips/tacoma_narrows_1940_collapse_elliott.mp4)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Lessons from the failure" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/bridges-failure.htm (docs/wsdot_wind_tunnel_lesson.png)
- Tacoma Narrows Bridge in torsion, 7 Nov 1940 · Film: F.B. Farquharson, via HAER / Library of Congress: author https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/wa0453.photos.370520p; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:VERTICAL_AND_TORSIONAL_MOTION_VIEWED_FROM_EAST_TOWER,_7_NOVEMBER_1940,_FROM_16MN_FILM_SHOT_BY_PROFESSOR_F.B._FARQUHARSON,_UNIVERSITY_OF_WASHINGTON._(LABORATORY_STUDIES_ON_THE_HAER_WASH,27-TACO,11-35.tif (photos/tacoma_narrows_1940_torsion_farquharson_haer.jpg)
- Washington State DOT, Tacoma Narrows Bridge history: "Lessons from the failure" (wsdot.wa.gov) · excerpt: author Washington State Department of Transportation; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://wsdot.wa.gov/TNBHistory/bridges-failure.htm (docs/wsdot_wind_tunnel_commonplace.png)
- NDRC Planning Dept research group, report on Guizhou mountain-style new urbanisation (May 2016; ndrc.gov.cn, 28 Jul. 2017) · excerpt: author National Development and Reform Commission, Planning Department research group; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xwdt/ztzl/xxczhjs/ghzc/201707/t20170728_972111.html (docs/ndrc2016_terrain_92_5.png)
- Hairpin road ("24 turns"), China, 1944-45 · U.S. National Archives (NARA 292561): author Unknown authorUnknown author or not provided; licence PD-USGov; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ledo_%26_Burma_Roads._Assam,_Burma,_China._1944-45_-_NARA_-_292561.jpg (photos/24_turns_switchbacks_nara_292561.jpg)
- US convoy on the hairpin road at Annan (Qinglong), Guizhou, 26 Mar 1945 · U.S. National Archives (NARA 531304): author Unknown authorUnknown author or not provided; licence PD-USGov; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:U.S._Convoy_which_operates_between_Chen-Yi_and_Kweiyang,_China,_is_ascending_the_famous_twenty-one_curves_at_Annan..._-_NARA_-_531304.tif (photos/annan_24_turns_convoy_nara_531304.jpg)
- Xianghuoyan Bridge, Guizhou, Jul 2023 · HighestBridges · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons: author HighestBridges; licence CC0 (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:XianghuoyanCompletedView.jpg (photos/xianghuoyan_arch_bridge_guizhou_2023.jpg)
- Chart: Bridges in Guizhou, then and now. Data: Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025; Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025 · Source & Pace: author Source & Pace (The WEDGE Method LLC); licence own-work; source https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/the-highest-bridge-in-the-world-just-opened-in-china-at-more-than-2000-feet-above-the-ground-180987429/ (charts/chart_gz_bridge_count.png)
- Expressway bridge tower in fog, Guizhou, Jul 2026 · M3th04 · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons: author M3th04; licence CC0 (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E8%B4%B5%E5%B7%9E%E7%AD%91%E6%9B%B2%E9%AB%98%E9%80%9F%E5%B7%A5%E7%A8%8B%E7%99%BE%E8%8A%B1%E6%B9%96%E7%89%B9%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5.jpg (photos/baihuahu_bridge_construction_guizhou_2026.jpg)
- Video by Edward Ng on Pexels (uploaded 2022-06-18): author Edward Ng; licence Pexels-License (https://www.pexels.com/license/); source https://www.pexels.com/video/drone-footage-of-a-winding-road-and-a-green-forest-12537782/ (clips/pexels_12537782_winding_road_topdown.mp4)
- Video by Zlatin Georgiev on Pexels (uploaded 2020-10-14): author Zlatin Georgiev; licence Pexels-License (https://www.pexels.com/license/); source https://www.pexels.com/video/drone-footage-of-vehicles-traveling-on-highway-5598972/ (clips/pexels_5598972_winding_mountain_highway_autumn.mp4)
- Deyu Wujiang Bridge, Guizhou, Jul 2023 · HighestBridges · CC0 · Wikimedia Commons: author HighestBridges; licence CC0 (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/deed.en); source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:DeyuArchRibSky.jpg (photos/deyu_arch_rib_guizhou_2023.jpg)
- Royal Gorge Bridge postcard, c. 1930-45 · Tichnor Brothers Collection, Boston Public Library: author Boston Public Library; licence PD-mark; source https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Suspension_bridge_over_the_Royal_Gorge,_Canon_City,_Colorado._(7725178492).jpg (photos/royal_gorge_postcard_tichnor_7725178492.jpg)
- Chart: How far down: the “highest bridge” figures. Data: Royal Gorge Bridge & Park (operator's site); Structurae, Liuguanghe Bridge record; Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record); Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025 · Source & Pace: author Source & Pace (The WEDGE Method LLC); licence own-work; source https://royalgorgebridge.com/rides-attractions/royal-gorge-bridge/ (charts/chart_high_bridge_drops.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Finance, 2024 budget execution tables (Feb. 2025), Table 13 (general debt), PDF p. 138 · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Finance; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/gzsczzjxxgkzl/gzssbjczysjsgjf/202502/P020250210597101825718.pdf (docs/gzczt_t13_general_debt.png)
- Chart: Guizhou's government debt. Data: Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (general debt); Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (funds, special debt); Guizhou Dept of Finance, Feb 2026 budget document · Source & Pace: author Source & Pace (The WEDGE Method LLC); licence own-work; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/gzsczzjxxgkzl/gzssbjczysjsgjf/202502/P020250210597101825718.pdf (charts/chart_gz_debt_plumb.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Finance, 2024 budget execution tables (Feb. 2025), Table 26 (special-purpose debt), PDF p. 33 · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Finance; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/gzsczzjxxgkzl/gzssbjczysjsgjf/202502/P020250210597101920805.pdf (docs/gzczt_t26_special_debt.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Finance, 2024 budget execution tables (Feb. 2025), Table 27 (debt by region), province row, PDF p. 34 · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Finance; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/gzsczzjxxgkzl/gzssbjczysjsgjf/202502/P020250210597101920805.pdf (docs/gzczt_t27_province_total.png)
- China Securities Pengyuan (中证鹏元), 2025 tracking rating report on Guizhou government bonds (11 Sep. 2025), p. 9 (PDF p. 11) · excerpt: author China Securities Pengyuan Credit Rating (中证鹏元); licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/zfzw/202509/P020250911594181982070.pdf (docs/csprc_growth_15_9.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Finance, report on the 2025 budget and 2026 draft budget (27 Jan. 2026), s. 1(5) local government debt, pp. 4-5 · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Finance; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/czys/202602/P020260214542445050164.pdf (docs/gzczt_2026_debt_19369.png)
- China Securities Pengyuan (中证鹏元), 2025 tracking rating report on Guizhou government bonds (11 Sep. 2025), rating summary, p. 1 (PDF p. 3) · excerpts: author China Securities Pengyuan Credit Rating (中证鹏元); licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/zfzw/202509/P020250911594181982070.pdf (docs/csprc_rating_aaa.png)
- Budget Law of the PRC (2018 amendment), Art. 35 (text hosted by Tsinghua University, PDF p. 5) · excerpt: author National People's Congress (Budget Law of the PRC); PDF hosted by Tsinghua University; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/__local/7/89/26/0FECF1A192605CD2688F5913E2C_B05B7847_32F35.pdf (docs/budgetlaw_art35.png)
- Guizhou Daily Tianyan News, 21 May 2023 (via news.jschina.com.cn) · excerpt: author Guizhou Daily Tianyan News (reporter Liu Liwei), republished by China Jiangsu Net; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://news.jschina.com.cn/scroll/szyw/202305/t20230521_3218329.shtml (docs/tianyan_cost_20yi.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Transport, approval of the Liuzhi-Anlong expressway preliminary design (published 29 Jan. 2021) · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Transport; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://jt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/lszt/gcjsxmxxgk_5948563/xmsphz_5948564/sjsp_5948565/202309/t20230928_82530857.html (docs/dot_la_approval_total.png)
- Guizhou Dept. of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong expressway preliminary-design estimate review table (Jan. 2021), rows 104 and 6 (whole expressway) · excerpt: author Guizhou Provincial Department of Transport; licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://jt.guizhou.gov.cn/ztzl/lszt/gcjsxmxxgk_5948563/xmsphz_5948564/sjsp_5948565/202309/P020210129373481645098.pdf (docs/dot_la_table_rows.png)
- Video by Zhicheng Wu on Pexels (uploaded 2026-07-01): author Zhicheng Wu; licence Pexels-License (https://www.pexels.com/license/); source https://www.pexels.com/video/scenic-aerial-view-of-yangshuo-karst-mountains-38368355/ (clips/pexels_38368355_karst_expressway_mist_yangshuo.mp4)
- China Securities Pengyuan (中证鹏元), 2025 tracking rating report on Guizhou government bonds (11 Sep. 2025), rating view, p. 1 (PDF p. 3) · excerpt: author China Securities Pengyuan Credit Rating (中证鹏元); licence fair-dealing-CA; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/zfzw/202509/P020250911594181982070.pdf (docs/csprc_transfers_revenue.png)
- Chart: Where Guizhou's 2024 money came from. Data: CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025 · Source & Pace: author Source & Pace (The WEDGE Method LLC); licence own-work; source https://czt.guizhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zdlyxx/zfzw/202509/P020250911594181982070.pdf (charts/chart_gz_transfers_vs_revenue.png)
- Video by X Evan on Pexels (uploaded 2026-07-11): author X Evan; licence Pexels-License (https://www.pexels.com/license/); source https://www.pexels.com/video/stunning-aerial-view-of-karst-mountains-38517178/ (clips/pexels_38517178_karst_peaks_aerial.mp4)
Music and sound effects: original, synthesized for this video.
Every line and the exact sentence it rests on
Each line as said in the video, with the passage of each cited source it rests on (" ... " marks text left out). Lines marked "as reported" or "claim" are attributed, not established fact.
- 0:00 “The road on this bridge runs 625 metres above the river below it, according to the government of Guizhou province in south-west China.” [c01.00, as reported]
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “Rising 625 meters above the river, it will become both the world's tallest bridge and the world's largest-span bridge built in a mountainous area, the provincial government said.” source
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “The bridge is 2,890 metres long, the main span is 1,420 metres, and the height from the deck to the water surface is 625 metres.” (our translation) Original: “大桥全长2890米,主桥跨径1420米,桥面到水面高度625米。” source
- 0:09 “It is the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge. When it opened to traffic on the 28th of September 2025, state media called it the world's highest bridge.” [c01.01, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “After more than three years of construction, the new world's highest bridge, Guizhou's Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge, officially opened to traffic on September 28.” (our translation) Original: “经过三年多建设,新的世界第一高桥——贵州花江峡谷大桥于9月28日正式建成通车。” source
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: “The world’s highest bridge opened to traffic in China on Sunday, state media said” source
- 0:21 “AFP reported that it took the record from another bridge in the same province.” [c01.02, as reported]
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: “snatching the record from another bridge in the same province” source
- 0:26 “That bridge, which Xinhua calls the Beipanjiang First Bridge, also crosses the Beipan River, Smithsonian magazine reports.” [c01.03, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “Guizhou’s Beipanjiang Bridge —which also crosses the Beipan River—has held the record for world’s highest bridge.” source
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “Previously, the Beipanjiang First Bridge, on the Yunnan-Guizhou border, was certified by Guinness in 2018 as the 'world's highest bridge', with a height of 565.4 metres.” (our translation) Original: “此前,位于云贵交界的北盘江第一桥于2018年获吉尼斯认证为“世界最高桥”,高度为565.4米。” source
- 0:34 “So why does a single river, in this corner of south-west China, hold both of them?” [c01.04, framing (no factual claim)]
- 0:40 “To find out, we'll go down: from the road, through the cables and the wind, to the canyon walls, and to the river and the bill at the bottom.” [c01.05, framing (no factual claim)]
- 0:58 “Smithsonian describes it as a suspension bridge with two lanes of traffic in each direction.” [c02.00, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “The Huajiang bridge is a suspension bridge with two lanes of car traffic in each direction.” source
- 1:04 “Xinhua says it is 2,890 metres long, with a main span of 1,420 metres.” [c02.01, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “the bridge is 2,890 metres long, with a main span of 1,420 metres” (our translation) Original: “大桥全长2890米,主跨1420米” source
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “The bridge is 2,890 meters long with a main span of 1,420 meters.” source
- 1:13 “It is the key structure on the expressway from Liuzhi to Anlong, according to Xinhua.” [c02.02, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “The Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is the controlling (key) project of Guizhou's Liuzhi-to-Anlong expressway” (our translation) Original: “花江峡谷大桥是贵州六枝至安龙高速公路的控制性工程” source
- 1:19 “Guizhou Daily, in a report carried on China Daily's Chinese website, says the bridge joins Guanling county on one side of the canyon to Zhenfeng county on the other.” [c02.03, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “connecting the two banks of Guanling county (Anshun city) and Zhenfeng county (Qianxinan prefecture), Guizhou” (our translation) Original: “连接贵州安顺市关岭县和黔西南州贞丰县两岸” source
- 1:30 “It is named after the Huajiang canyon, which the same report says is known as the crack of the Earth.” [c02.04, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “it is named for crossing the Huajiang Grand Canyon, praised as 'the crack of the Earth'” (our translation) Original: “因跨越被誉为“地球裂缝”的花江大峡谷而得名” source
- 1:37 “The same report says work began on the 18th of January 2022: three years and eight months before it opened.” [c02.05, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “Construction of the bridge officially began on 18 January 2022; it opened to traffic on 28 September 2025, after 3 years and 8 months.” (our translation) Original: “大桥于2022年1月18日正式开工建设,2025年9月28日通车运营,历时3年零8个月。” source
- 1:46 “What does the deck change for the people on either side? The provincial transport chief gave an answer.” [c02.06, framing (no factual claim)]
- 1:53 “Four days before it opened, she said it would cut the travel time between the two sides of the canyon from two hours to two minutes.” [c02.07, as reported]
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: ““The opening of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge reduces travel time between the two sides from two hours to two minutes,” Zhang Yin, head of the provincial transport department, said” source
- 2:02 “It is also built to be visited. Smithsonian says a high-speed glass elevator takes visitors to a cafe at the top of one of the towers.” [c02.08, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “Visitors can take a high-speed glass elevator to a cafe built into the top of one of the bridge’s towers.” source
- 2:11 “Smithsonian reports that the village of Huajiang, beneath the bridge, has seen a rush of visitors; one innkeeper told China Daily the inn had been fully booked for days.” [c02.09, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “The village of Huajiang, which lies beneath the bridge, has seen an influx of curious visitors thanks to the new landmark. As Lin Guoquan, who runs an inn in Huajiang, tells China Daily , “We’ve been fully booked for days, and everyone wants to see the opening.”” source
- 2:22 “Guizhou Daily reports that the bridge has a high swing, a racing track and rock climbing on an anchorage.” [c02.10, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “the bridge has extreme-sport attractions such as a high-altitude swing, a high-altitude racing track and climbing on the anchorage” (our translation) Original: “大桥设置了高空秋千、高空竞速跑道、锚碇攀岩等精彩刺激的极限运动项目” source
- 2:33 “A level down are the parts that hold the road up.” [c03.00, framing (no factual claim)]
- 2:37 “Washington State's transport department describes how a suspension bridge works. The road deck hangs from cables that pass over the tops of high towers.” [c03.01, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “The deck, or roadway, is suspended by large cables that are secured at each end and pass over the tops of high towers.” source
- 2:48 “The department says the main cables run from an anchorage at one end, over the towers, to an anchorage at the other.” [c03.02, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “The main cables stretch from one anchor over the tops of the tower and attach to the opposite anchorage.” source
- 2:55 “According to the same explainer, most of the bridge's weight, and the weight of the vehicles on it, hangs from those cables.” [c03.03, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “Most of the bridge's weight (and any vehicles on the bridge) is suspended from the cables.” source
- 3:03 “And it says the anchorages at each end are normally either a mass of concrete or solid rock.” [c03.04, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “The anchorages are normally either a mass of concrete or solid rock.” source
- 3:11 “Huajiang uses two different kinds, according to Guizhou's transport department, which approved a tunnel anchorage on the Liuzhi bank and a gravity anchorage on the Anlong bank.” [c03.05, as reported]
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong preliminary design approval, 29 Jan 2021: “Agreed in principle that the Liuzhi bank uses a tunnel anchorage and the Anlong bank a gravity anchorage.” (our translation) Original: “原则同意六枝岸采用隧道锚、安龙岸采用重力锚。” source
- Guizhou Bridge Group on Guizhou DOT site, 1 Aug 2024: “reached the front anchor face of the tunnel-type anchorage on the Liuzhi bank” (our translation) Original: “抵达六枝岸隧道式锚碇前锚面” source
- Guizhou Bridge Group on Guizhou DOT site, 11 Jan 2024: “the gravity-type anchorage on the Anlong bank” (our translation) Original: “安龙岸重力式锚碇” source
- 3:22 “At Huajiang, the deck under the road is a steel truss. Engineers Ireland reported that it is made up of 93 segments.” [c03.06, as reported]
- Engineers Ireland journal, 27 Jan 2025: “The project’s main load-bearing steel truss structure consists of 93 segments” source
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “it is currently the world's largest-span steel-truss suspension bridge in a mountain canyon” (our translation) Original: “是目前世界山区峡谷第一大跨度钢桁梁悬索桥” source
- 3:31 “The segments were hoisted into place with what a senior engineer on the project called the world's largest-span cable hoisting system.” [c03.07, as reported]
- Engineers Ireland journal, 27 Jan 2025: ““To complete the steel girder hoisting, we have equipped the world’s largest span cable hoisting system,” said Wu Chaoming, a senior engineer participating in the construction.” source
- 3:41 “Guizhou Daily, in its report carried by China Daily, says that system placed the steel with millimetre precision, about 600 metres up.” [c03.08, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “developed a fourth-generation 'smart cable hoisting system', 'threading the needle' 600 metres up and achieving millimetre-level construction precision” (our translation) Original: “研发第四代“智慧缆索吊装系统”,在600米高空“穿针引线”,实现毫米级施工精度” source
- 3:51 “According to Xinhua's photo record of the build, the towers came first, then a temporary walkway for workers along the cable line, called a catwalk.” [c03.09, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “a set of photos recorded the bridge's 'growth': from pouring the main towers, building the catwalk, hoisting the steel truss girder, closure (joining the deck), load testing, to opening to traffic” (our translation) Original: “一组图片记录下了大桥从主塔浇筑、猫道搭建、钢桁梁吊装、合龙、荷载试验到通车的“成长”历程。” source
- 4:01 “Xinhua says the steel deck was hoisted next; then the deck was joined up, the bridge was load-tested, and it opened.” [c03.10, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “hoisting the steel truss girder, closure, load testing, to opening to traffic” (our translation) Original: “钢桁梁吊装、合龙、荷载试验到通车” source
- 4:09 “According to Xinhua's captions, the towers were under construction in November 2023, and the catwalk was being built in March 2024.” [c03.11, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2025 (Huajiang opening): “top left: the bridge with its towers under construction (taken 7 November 2023); top right: the construction catwalk being built (taken 26 March 2024)” (our translation) Original: “左上图为桥塔建设中的贵州花江峡谷大桥(2023年11月7日摄),右上图为施工猫道搭建中的贵州花江峡谷大桥(2024年3月26日摄)” source
- 4:19 “The contractor, Guizhou Bridge Group, says crews hauled the cable strands across by day and adjusted them at night, because the summer heat made them stretch.” [c03.12, as reported]
- Guizhou Bridge Group on Guizhou DOT site, 1 Aug 2024: “'In summer the daytime temperature is high; by thermal expansion the strands lengthen by varying amounts, which affects the accuracy of adjustment.' ... it adopted a two-mode approach of 'haul by day, adjust the cables at night'” (our translation) Original: ““夏季白天气温高,基于热胀冷缩的原理,索股会出现不定量的伸长现象,影响调索的精准度。” ... 采用“白天牵引,夜间调索”双模式” source
- 4:30 “Guizhou Daily's report also says the builders monitor the temperature, humidity and stress along each main cable with optical fibres, linked to a system that dries the cable.” [c03.13, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “for the first time used fibre Bragg gratings to monitor the temperature, humidity and stress of the entire main cable, linked to a dehumidification system that controls the cable's humidity” (our translation) Original: “首次使用光纤光栅对整根主缆温湿度、应力进行监测,联动除湿系统对主缆湿度进行干预” source
- 4:42 “It also says a new forged-and-welded saddle, where the cable passes over a tower, is 30 per cent lighter.” [c03.14, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “for the first time adopted a forged-and-welded composite cable saddle, reducing the saddle's weight by 30%” (our translation) Original: “首次采用锻焊组合式索鞍,将索鞍的重量降低了30%” source
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “At the top of the towers each cable passes over a cable saddle.” source
- 4:53 “Below the deck there is nothing but air. And for a suspension bridge, moving air is a serious load.” [c04.00, framing (no factual claim)]
- 5:02 “Washington State's transport department says suspension bridges, being relatively light and flexible, are all susceptible to wind.” [c04.01, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “Because they are relatively light and flexible, suspension bridges are all susceptible to wind.” source
- 5:11 “Washington State has its own reason to know. The department says the state's 1940 Tacoma Narrows Bridge was designed for winds up to 120 miles per hour, and collapsed in a wind of only 42.” [c04.02, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Suspension bridge basics': “Engineers designed the 1940 Narrows Bridge to withstand winds up to 120 mph, but it collapsed in a wind of only 42 mph.” source
- Washington State DOT, 'Lessons from failure': “The collapse of Galloping Gertie on November 7, 1940” source
- 5:25 “The department says the lesson was that engineers had to test suspension bridge designs with models in a wind tunnel.” [c04.03, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Lessons from failure': “aerodynamic forces were little understood, and engineers needed to test suspension bridge designs using models in a wind tunnel” source
- 5:32 “The department says wind-tunnel testing of bridge designs has become commonplace.” [c04.04, as reported]
- Washington State DOT, 'Lessons from failure': “Now, wind tunnel testing for aerodynamic effects on bridges is commonplace.” source
- 5:38 “At Huajiang, the contractor says, the project and Tongji University measured the site's wind with Doppler lidar, then ran wind-tunnel tests.” [c04.05, as reported]
- Guizhou Bridge Group on Guizhou DOT site, 1 Aug 2024: “In the early stage of construction, the project carried out wind-environment research jointly with Tongji University, used Doppler lidar to obtain large amounts of wind-field data such as wind speed, wind direction and wind angle of attack in the bridge-site area, and carried out wind-tunnel experiments to find the optimal structural form and wind-resistance measures.” (our translation) Original: “在施工前期,项目与同济大学联合开展风环境研究,应用多普勒激光雷达获取桥位区域的风速、风向、风攻角等海量风场数据,开展风洞实验,找到最优的结构形式和抗风措施。” source
- People's Daily via news.cn, 19 Jul 2024: “later the project team worked with Tongji University, using Doppler lidar to measure the wind ... since 2022 the project team has accumulated large amounts of data, built scale models and carried out wind-tunnel experiments” (our translation) Original: “后来项目团队跟同济大学合作,采用多普勒激光雷达测风 ... 自2022年起,项目团队积累海量数据,并以等比缩放方式建模,开展风洞实验” source
- 5:48 “In a Guizhou canyon, wind is part of the design brief. Alimak, a Swedish company that supplied equipment for the build, said the plateau setting makes year-round valley winds likely.” [c04.06, as reported]
- Engineers Ireland journal, 27 Jan 2025: “A Stockholm-based company that provided equipment for the construction, Alimak, earlier revealed ... The company earlier also maintained that being in a plateau region intensifies atmospheric temperature differences between day and night, leading to the likelihood of severe convective weather and consistent valley winds throughout the year.” source
- 6:01 “Guizhou Daily reports that part of the answer was a set of stabilising plates: an upper and a lower horizontal plate, plus a central one.” [c04.07, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “innovatively adopted the wind-resistance measure of 'upper and lower horizontal stabilising plates plus a central stabilising plate', and designed the lower stabilising plate as an aerial racing track” (our translation) Original: “创新采用“上下水平稳定板+中央稳定板”抗风措施,并将下稳定板设计为空中竞速跑道” source
- 6:10 “The report adds that the lower plate doubles as the racing track.” [c04.08, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “and designed the lower stabilising plate as an aerial racing track” (our translation) Original: “并将下稳定板设计为空中竞速跑道” source
- 6:15 “The provincial government says the bridge's wind-resistance design and high-altitude construction earned 21 authorised patents.” [c04.09, as reported]
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “The bridge has achieved multiple technological breakthroughs in its wind-resistance design and high-altitude construction, obtaining 21 authorized patents” source
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “obtained 21 authorised patents” (our translation) Original: “获得授权专利21项” source
- 6:27 “Now the walls of the canyon. They are the reason this bridge, and so many others, exist.” [c05.00, framing (no factual claim)]
- 6:33 “A 2016 research report by China's National Development and Reform Commission says 92.5 per cent of Guizhou's land is mountains and hills.” [c05.01, as reported]
- NDRC Planning Dept research report (Guizhou), 2016: “92.5% of the province's land area is mountains and hills, and flat land able to carry industry and population is extremely scarce” (our translation) Original: “全省 92. ... 5% 的国土面积为山地和丘陵,承载产业和人口的平地极为稀缺” source
- 6:45 “The same report says flat land able to carry industry and people is extremely scarce.” [c05.02, as reported]
- NDRC Planning Dept research report (Guizhou), 2016: “flat land able to carry industry and population is extremely scarce” (our translation) Original: “承载产业和人口的平地极为稀缺” source
- 6:52 “People's Daily's overseas edition calls Guizhou the only province in China without the support of a plain.” [c05.03, as reported]
- People's Daily Overseas Edition, 29 Feb 2024: “eight parts mountain, one part water, one part field: Guizhou is the only province in the country without the support of a plain” (our translation) Original: “八山一水一分田,贵州是全国唯一没有平原支撑的省” source
- 7:00 “In a place like that, a road can either wind down into each gorge and climb back out, or cross it.” [c05.04, framing (no factual claim)]
- 7:08 “Smithsonian, citing NBC News, says that in the 1980s the province had about 2,900 bridges.” [c05.05, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “Most of the bridges in the region were built in the past few decades, reports NBC News ’ Peter Guo. Back in the 1980s, the province had about 2,900 bridges.” source
- 7:16 “In September 2025, Xinhua reported that Guizhou had more than 32,000 bridges, built or under construction.” [c05.06, as reported]
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “Guizhou has more than 32,000 bridges that have been completed or are under construction” source
- People's Daily Overseas Edition, 29 Feb 2024: “at present Guizhou has more than 30,000 bridges built and under construction” (our translation) Original: “目前,贵州已建和在建桥梁有3万多座” source
- 7:26 “A 2025 credit-rating report on the province says its expressway network has passed 9,000 kilometres.” [c05.07, as reported]
- CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025: “expressway mileage open to traffic in the province has passed 9,000 kilometres” (our translation) Original: “省内高速公路通车里程突破9,000公里” source
- 7:34 “Why build at this pace? An engineer at Southwest Jiaotong University, Li Mingshui, told the Washington Post that many regions in western China remain poorly connected, unlike the US, which already has a highly developed highway system.” [c05.08, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “Li Mingshui, an engineer at China’s Southwest Jiaotong University, tells the Washington Post that these kinds of infrastructure projects are a central component of China’s economic development. “Unlike the U.S., which already has a highly developed highway system, many regions in western China remain poorly connected,” says Li.” source
- 7:52 “Mamdouh El-Badry, an engineer at the University of Calgary in Canada, told Newsweek that China has given priority to large-scale projects to drive development and connectivity.” [c05.09, as reported]
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: ““Over the past 20 years, China has adopted a top-down approach to infrastructure, giving priority to large-scale projects to drive economic development and regional connectivity,” Mamdouh El-Badry , an engineer at the University of Calgary in Canada, told Newsweek” source
- 8:03 “And Xinhua says nearly half of the world's 100 highest bridges are in Guizhou.” [c05.10, as reported]
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “Nearly half of the 100 highest bridges in the world are located in the province.” source
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: “State news agency Xinhua said Wednesday that nearly half of the world’s 100 highest bridges are located in the province.” source
- 8:09 “The record used to be American. The operators of Colorado's Royal Gorge Bridge say it held the title of world's highest bridge until 2001.” [c05.11, as reported]
- Royal Gorge Bridge & Park (operator's site): “The Royal Gorge Bridge held the world record for the highest bridge until 2001.” source
- Smithsonian Magazine, 1 Oct 2025: “Built in 1929, this bridge held the world record for the highest bridge until 2001.” source
- 8:20 “They say it is suspended 956 feet above the Arkansas River, about 291 metres.” [c05.12, as reported]
- Royal Gorge Bridge & Park (operator's site): “The Royal Gorge Bridge is suspended 956 feet above the Arkansas River.” source
- 8:28 “The engineering database Structurae says a Guizhou bridge completed in 2001, the Liuguanghe Bridge, stands 297 metres above the valley floor.” [c05.13, as reported]
- Structurae, Liuguanghe Bridge record: “General Information Completion: 2001 ... height above valley floor or water 297 m” source
- 8:43 “At the bottom is the river. And at the bottom of every bridge like this, there is also a bill.” [c06.00, framing (no factual claim)]
- 8:51 “Guizhou's finance department published its own debt tables for 2024.” [c06.01, sourced]
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (general debt): “Table 13: Guizhou Province local government general debt balance, 2024” (our translation) Original: “表13贵州省2024年地方政府一般债务余额情况表” source
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (funds, special debt): “Table 26: Guizhou Province local government special-purpose debt balance, 2024” (our translation) Original: “表26贵州省2024年地方政府专项债务余额情况表” source
- 8:56 “They put the province's general-category debt at the end of 2024 at about 868 billion yuan, as a preliminary estimate.” [c06.02, sourced]
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (general debt): “end-2024 local government general debt balance, estimated outturn: 8,679.13 (hundred million yuan)” (our translation) Original: “2024年末地方政府一般债务余额预计执行数8,679.13” source
- 9:07 “And special-purpose debt at about 886 billion yuan.” [c06.03, sourced]
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (funds, special debt): “end-2024 local government special-purpose debt balance, estimated outturn: 8,857.96 (hundred million yuan)” (our translation) Original: “2024年末地方政府专项债务余额预计执行数8,857.96” source
- 9:12 “Together, that was roughly 1.75 trillion yuan. A credit-rating agency's 2025 report on Guizhou's bonds says the total rose 15.9 per cent in a year.” [c06.04, as reported]
- CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025: “At the end of 2024, the province's government debt balance grew 15.9% year on year” (our translation) Original: “2024年末,全省政府债务余额同比增长15.9%” source
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (general debt): “end-2024 general debt balance, estimated outturn 8,679.13” (our translation) Original: “2024年末地方政府一般债务余额预计执行数8,679.13” source
- Guizhou Finance Dept, 2024 budget tables (funds, special debt): “end-2024 special-purpose debt balance, estimated outturn 8,857.96” (our translation) Original: “2024年末地方政府专项债务余额预计执行数8,857.96” source
- 9:26 “In January 2026, the finance department reported the province's debt at the end of 2025 as about 1.94 trillion yuan, a preliminary figure.” [c06.05, sourced]
- Guizhou Dept of Finance, Feb 2026 budget document: “27 January 2026 ... Province-wide government debt balance, preliminary (flash) figure: 19,369.32 hundred million yuan, of which general debt 8,827.88 and special-purpose debt 10,541.44 (hundred million yuan).” (our translation) Original: “2026 年 1 月 27 日 ... 全省政府债务余额快报数19369.32亿元,其中:一般债务余额8827.88亿元,专项债务余额10541.44亿元。” source
- 9:38 “Xinhua, citing the bridge's operator, says its tourism projects alone had received 3.3 million visits by its first anniversary.” [c06.06, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Sep 2026 (first anniversary): “the reporter learned from the project operator that the bridge's bridge-tourism projects alone had received a cumulative 3.3 million visitor-visits” (our translation) Original: “记者从项目运营方获悉,仅大桥的桥旅融合项目就累计接待游客330万人次” source
- 9:48 “Those are visitor counts, not toll revenue.” [c06.07, framing (no factual claim)]
- 9:51 “The agency, China Securities Pengyuan, calls Guizhou's debt relatively high. It still rates the province's bonds AAA, and says outside support in a crisis is very likely.” [c06.08, as reported]
- CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025: “Guizhou's debt scale is at a relatively high level ... CSPRC rates the Guizhou Provincial People's Government bonds (see Appendix 1) at ... AAA. The rating is based on ... the likelihood that Guizhou receives external special support is very high” (our translation) Original: “贵州省债务规模处于较高水平 ... 中证鹏元评定贵州省人民政府债券(参见附录一)的信用等级为 ... AAA。该等级的评定是基于 ... 贵州省获得外部特殊支持的可能性非常大” source
- 10:03 “These are official government-debt figures. Under China's Budget Law, such borrowing may pay only for public-interest capital spending, not for day-to-day costs.” [c06.09, sourced]
- Budget Law of the PRC (2018 amendment), Art. 35: “Debt raised shall have a repayment plan and a stable source of repayment funds, and may be used only for public-interest capital expenditure, not for recurrent expenditure.” (our translation) Original: “举借的债务应当有偿还计划和稳定的偿还资金来源,只能用于公益性资本支出,不得用于经常性支出。” source
- 10:15 “According to Xinhua, the bridge's builder is the provincial transport investment group.” [c06.10, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “a person in charge at the bridge's builder, Guizhou Communications Investment Group, said” (our translation) Original: “大桥建设方贵州交投集团相关负责人表示” source
- 10:22 “Zhang Yulu of the Liu'an Expressway Company put the bridge's cost at about 2 billion yuan, Guizhou Daily reported in May 2023.” [c06.11, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily Tianyan News via jschina.com.cn, 21 May 2023: “Zhang Yulu told the reporter that, as the key controlling project of the Liu'an expressway, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is 2,890 metres long, with a total construction period of 42 months and a cost of about 2 billion yuan, invested by Guizhou Jiaojian (Transportation Construction) Group” (our translation) Original: “张羽露告诉记者,作为六安高速公路的关键控制性工程,花江峡谷大桥全长2890米,大桥总工期42个月、造价约20亿元,由贵州交建集团投资” source
- 10:31 “That is about 298 million US dollars at the Federal Reserve's rate on the 2nd of October 2026: an estimate from before the bridge was finished.” [c06.12, as reported]
- Federal Reserve H.10, release of 5 Oct 2026: “CHINA, P.R. ... YUAN ... Oct. 2 ... 6.7038” source
- Guizhou Daily Tianyan News via jschina.com.cn, 21 May 2023: “cost about 2 billion yuan” (our translation) Original: “造价约20亿元” source
- 10:43 “Guizhou's transport department said the bridge's opening marked the opening of the whole expressway. In a design approval published in January 2021, it had set an estimate of about 24.5 billion yuan for that road.” [c06.13, as reported]
- Guizhou Dept of Transport via jtzhzf.guizhou.gov.cn, 28 Sep 2025: “On 28 September, the world's highest bridge, the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge on the Liuzhi-Anlong expressway, was formally completed, marking the opening to traffic of the entire Liu'an expressway.” (our translation) Original: “9月28日,世界第一高桥——六枝至安龙高速公路花江峡谷大桥正式建成,标志着六安高速公路全线通车。” source
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong preliminary design approval, 29 Jan 2021: “After review, the total preliminary-design estimate is approved at 24,531,494,164 yuan (including construction-period loan interest of 1,462,515,243 yuan)” (our translation) Original: “经审查,初步设计总概算核定为24,531,494,164元(含建设期贷款利息1,462,515,243元)” source
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong estimate review table (PDF), Jan 2021: “row 7, basic highway cost: consultant estimate 25,221,808,098; reviewed estimate 24,531,494,164; change -690,313,934 (yuan)” (our translation) Original: “7 公路基本造价 25,221,808,098 24,531,494,164 -690,313,934” source
- 10:57 “According to the department's table, that included about 5.2 billion yuan for bridges and culverts along the route, and about 1.46 billion for interest on loans during construction.” [c06.14, as reported]
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong estimate review table (PDF), Jan 2021: “row 104 bridge and culvert works: reviewed 5,229,268,559; row 6 construction-period loan interest: reviewed 1,462,515,243 (yuan)” (our translation) Original: “104 桥梁涵洞工程 5,247,598,489 5,229,268,559 -18,329,930 ... 6 建设期贷款利息 1,930,200,354 1,462,515,243 -467,685,111” source
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong preliminary design approval, 29 Jan 2021: “(5) construction-period loan interest approved at 1,462,515,243 yuan;” (our translation) Original: “(五)核定建设期贷款利息1,462,515,243元;” source
- 11:10 “That is the whole road, not the bridge alone, and the approval says the final cost is whatever the completion accounts show.” [c06.15, as reported]
- Guizhou Dept of Transport, Liuzhi-Anlong preliminary design approval, 29 Jan 2021: “The project's total construction-drawing budget shall be kept within the approved preliminary-design estimate; the final project cost is subject to the completion final accounts.” (our translation) Original: “本项目施工图总预算应控制在初步设计批复的概算范围之内,最终工程造价以竣工决算为准。” source
- 11:19 “The same rating report shows how much of Guizhou's budget comes from above. In 2024, it says, transfers from higher levels of government brought in about 392 billion yuan.” [c06.16, as reported]
- CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025: “In 2024 Guizhou's total fiscal revenue was 840.053 billion yuan ... of which transfers from higher-level government were 391.525 billion yuan” (our translation) Original: “2024 年贵州省全省财政总收入为 8,400.53 亿 元,规模较大,财政实力尚可;其中上级补助收入 3,915.25 亿元” source
- 11:33 “That was more than the province's own general budget revenue, which the report puts at about 217 billion yuan.” [c06.17, as reported]
- CSPRC (中证鹏元) rating report on Guizhou bonds, 11 Sep 2025: “general public budget revenue of 217.000 billion yuan” (our translation) Original: “一般公共预算收入 2,170.00 亿元” source
- 11:42 “Years before Huajiang opened, the central government's planners had already put the risk plainly.” [c06.18, as reported]
- NDRC Planning Dept research report (Guizhou), 2016: “Research team of the Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission ... May 2016” (our translation) Original: “国家发展改革委规划司调研组 ... 2016 年 5 月” source
- 11:48 “Their 2016 report said Guizhou's urbanisation drive, including catching up on infrastructure, needed heavy up-front investment with long payback periods, and that without enough cash flow, repaying the debt would become a problem.” [c06.19, as reported]
- NDRC Planning Dept research report (Guizhou), 2016: “May 2016 ... up-front investment is large and the payback period is long; if effective investment is not formed and enough cash flow is not generated, repaying the debt will become a problem” (our translation) Original: “2016 年 5 月 ... 前期投入大,回报周期长,如果不能形成有效投资,产生不了足够的现金流,债务的偿还就会出问题” source
- 12:07 “Which brings us back to the number we started with.” [c07.00, framing (no factual claim)]
- 12:11 “In April 2026, Xinhua reported that Guinness World Records had listed the bridge as the highest bridge, at 626.01 metres.” [c07.01, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “On 28 April, after repeated measurement and checking, Guizhou's Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge was officially entered in Guinness World Records as 'the highest bridge' ... 'The final confirmed height of the Huajiang Grand Canyon Bridge is 626.01 metres, exceeding the previous world record of 565.4 metres. Record achieved!'” (our translation) Original: “4月28日,经反复测量核对,贵州花江峡谷大桥正式以“最高的桥”载入吉尼斯世界纪录。 ... “花江峡谷大桥最终确认高度是626.01米,超过原世界纪录的565.4米,挑战成功!”” source
- 12:22 “The previous record, Xinhua said, was the Beipanjiang First Bridge, on the Yunnan–Guizhou border, certified by Guinness in 2018 at 565.4 metres.” [c07.02, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “Previously, the Beipanjiang First Bridge, on the Yunnan-Guizhou border, was certified by Guinness in 2018 as the 'world's highest bridge', with a height of 565.4 metres.” (our translation) Original: “此前,位于云贵交界的北盘江第一桥于2018年获吉尼斯认证为“世界最高桥”,高度为565.4米。” source
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: “also home to the 565-metre Beipanjiang Bridge that is now the world’s second highest” source
- 12:36 “Xinhua also says all of the height data used for the certification came from Chinese surveying technology.” [c07.03, as reported]
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “the bridge height data for this certification were all supported by Chinese surveying and mapping technology” (our translation) Original: “此次认证的大桥高度数据全部由中国测绘技术提供支持” source
- 12:43 “So both numbers come from Chinese sources: the 625 metres from the provincial government, and the 626.01, which Xinhua says was certified using data from Chinese surveying technology.” [c07.04, as reported]
- Guizhou Daily (on China Daily's Chinese site), 28 Sep 2025: “the height from the deck to the water surface is 625 metres” (our translation) Original: “桥面到水面高度625米” source
- Gansu Belt & Road portal (Xinhua), 25 Sep 2025: “Rising 625 meters above the river, it will become both the world's tallest bridge and the world's largest-span bridge built in a mountainous area, the provincial government said.” source
- Xinhua, 28 Apr 2026 (Guinness record): “the bridge height data for this certification were all supported by Chinese surveying and mapping technology” (our translation) Original: “此次认证的大桥高度数据全部由中国测绘技术提供支持” source
- 12:58 “We have not found an independent survey of the height.” [c07.05, framing (no factual claim)]
- 13:02 “And a last distinction. Highest is not the same as tallest.” [c07.06, framing (no factual claim)]
- 13:08 “AFP noted when Huajiang opened that the world's tallest bridge, measured by the height of its own structure rather than the distance to the ground, remained France's Millau Viaduct, at 343 metres.” [c07.07, as reported]
- Gulf News (AFP), 28 Sep 2025: “the tallest - measured in terms of the height of its own structure, rather than the distance to the ground - remains France’s Millau viaduct at 343 metres” source
- 13:23 “Huajiang's height comes from the canyon it crosses, in a province where, according to the planners' report, flat land able to carry industry and people is extremely scarce.” [c07.08, as reported]
- NDRC Planning Dept research report (Guizhou), 2016: “flat land able to carry industry and population is extremely scarce” (our translation) Original: “承载产业和人口的平地极为稀缺” source
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